Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a serious and frequent complication of diabetes mellitus with a poor prognosis. The development of DCAN is associated with an unsatisfactory glycemic control, one of the manifestations of which is glycemic variability. Poor compensation for diabetes mellitus and the complication progression is possibly caused by Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). The article discusses the correlation of glycemic variability, autonomic cardiac neuropathy and OSAS.

The annual effective radiation dose of population in study area was estimated to be 1,99 mSv/year for Braginsky district, 2,06 mSv/year for Khoiniki district and 3,47 mSv/year for Narovlya district. The contribution of each component to effective radiation dose was determined, which averaged 57% for natural radiation background, 17% for medical exposure and 26% for Chernobyl component.

An article is devoted to the peculiarities of internal exposure doses forming of adult population due to the main dose-forming foodstuffs in the remote period after Chernobyl accident. On an example of the Bryansk region we carried out the assessment of the effective purification half-periods of the main dose-forming food products (milk and mushrooms) from 137Cs due to its radioactive decay and natural self-purification and the assessment of the periods of half-reduction of the average annual effective internal exposure doses for the population of the Bryansk region divided on the 137Cs soil surface activity actual in the corresponding year (based on whole body measurements data). Obtained results allowed fulfilling the prognosis of the exposure doses for the population of the Bryansk region for the period up to 2056.

The density of contamination of the territory is one of the main factors determining the expected dose of personnel due to the receipt of radionuclides by inhalation when extinguishing fires and performing other works in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Levels of transuranic elements pollution of environmental objects change over time: plutonium isotopes fall, and 241Am grow. After the construction of pollution maps of the territory of the Belarusian sector of the Chernobyl exclusion zone in 2009, soil sampling and assessment of the density of transuranic elements pollution of previously unexplored areas were carried out. Taking into account the specified data the maps of pollution of the territory of the Polesye State Radiation-Ecological Reserve are updated (intended for carrying out individual dosimetry control of an inhalation way of irradiation of the personnel).

The problem of the presence of oxidative stress, which is characterized and manifested by many-sided pathological changes in the body’s metabolism, leading to the initiation of the development of the syndrome of multiple organ failure, is relevant in the modern structure of providing qualified medical care to patients. This literature review provides information on the possibility of identifying and investigating the depth of manifestation of oxidative stress mediated by a high content of reactive oxygen species using a reliable, relatively simple to perform, morphological method, like blebbing lymphocyte cell wall.

An article contents the results of investigation of natural radium isotopes content in the main dose forming foodstuffs of agricultural production and natural origin traditionally consumed by population of the territories, contaminated after the accident on Chernobyl NPP. The new method is given for the investigation of radium isotopes (228Ra and 226Ra) content in the foodstuffs from a sample of about 1,5 kg weight with minimal detectable activity not more than 0,05 Bq. The method is more suitable and simple for realization than now existing. Investigations are carrying out beginning from 2018 up to present time. Estimation of potential maximal average annual population internal exposure dose (Eint) is carried out due to 228Ra and 226Ra content in the main dose forming foodstuffs which are consumed by the local population. For the estimation of the internal exposure doses we used the data on the food rations of adult population obtained from the questionnaire of local population, carried out in the frames of Federal Program of Rospotrebnadzor in the period of 2010-2015. It is demonstrated that population internal exposure dose even from several natural radionuclides (228Ra and 226Ra) taking into account consumption of a limited set of foodstuffs could exceed the exposure dose from artificial radionuclide in 12 times even for the territories radioactively contaminated after the Chernobyl NPP accident.

Currently, an urgent task is to develop therapeutic approaches that improve the results of the combined effects of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, while reducing the risk of long-term effects of treatment, primarily by providing an effective alternative to radical doses of the drug and doses of the drug. Expanding radiobiological knowledge of radiation damage will help develop more adequate tests to predict the severity of radiation damage to healthy tissues. The article presents data on the effects of doxorubicin chemotherapy with different schemes of irradiation with gamma quanta of human mesenchymal stem cells.

The article contains a detailed description of the method of reproduction of experimental rat glioma C6 in situ. Glioma is a primary brain tumor arising from neuroglial cells.Experimental glioma of rats C6 corresponds to the most malignant tumor of the human brain, contains P-glycoprotein and CD133 Promin stem cell receptor. CD133 in combination with C6 glioma cells gives resistance to apoptosis.The C6 in situ rat glioma model can be used in experimental neurooncology to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy, antiangiogenic, gene therapy, photodynamic and radiotherapy. The development of a highly reproducible tumor model of glioma C6 in situ in the experiment will provide an opportunity to study the basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and progression of glioma in terms of the General biological process, as well as to develop methods of prediction, prevention and treatment using molecular genetic aspects.

The article is devoted to studying the effect of ascariasis invasion on the expression of immunohistochemical markers in glioma tissues in rats.Studies were conducted on female Wistar rats, in which a tumor of rat glioma C6 was simulated in situ. The studies included several experimental series. Animals of the second series were orally infected at a dose of 20 A. suum eggs per gram of body weight of the animal on day 7 after the injection of C6 tumor cells. Macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical studies were performed to study the expression of the main glioma markers: GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), S 100, and the proliferative activity marker Ki-67.It was revealed that the invasion of A. suum at a dose of 20 eggs per gram of animal body weight does not lead to significant changes in the expression of immunohistochemical markers GFAP, S 100 and Ki 67 proliferative activity index in tissues of rat C6 glioma in situ.

The paper presents the long-term results of various treatments for post-thrombotic retinopathy. 120 eyes were investigated. The division was into 4 groups: the 1st group-receiving laser treatment, the 2nd-the introduction of angiogenesis inhibitors, the 3rd-a combination of laser treatment and the introduction of angiogenesis inhibitors, the 4th-conservative therapy. The results were evaluated before and 6 months after treatment. The best results were obtained using a combination of treatment: laser surgery and intravitreal angiogenesis inhibitors. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the 2nd and 3rd groups. Thus, the question of choosing the optimal method of treatment of post-thrombotic retinopathy remains open.

We have analyzed clinical observations and examination results of 60 patients. The first group consisted of 30 patients who were treated for primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The second group consisted of 30 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid pathology.In patients of both groups, the concentration of PTH in venous blood was determined 30 minutes before the surgery and in the postoperative period. During the surgery in both study groups, we performed confocal laser microscopy of the normal parathyroid glands (second group) and parathyroid glands with pathology (first group).Confocal laser microscopy for intraoperative differential diagnosis of pathological and normal conditions of the parathyroid glands has identical diagnostic characteristics with histological examination performed on a regular basis.

76 patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease who underwent kidney allotransplantation were examined. The observation period was 12 months. A significant imbalance was revealed in the first 3 months of the postoperative period of the two studied subpopulations of CD14+mid/high and CD14+lowmonocytes, expressing the CD86 receptor in patients after kidney allotransplantation with satisfactory transplant function. It was noted that all significant differences with the comparison group were leveled by 6 months after allotransplantation. Moreover, direct correlations of CD14+mid/high, CD14+mid/highCD86+ subpopulations and inverse correlations of CD14+low, CD14+lowCD86+ subpopulations in the early post-transplantation period with the creatinine and cystatin C level were found in long terms after the surgery. The results of the study can be used as early prognostic markers of late renal transplant function.

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of hypoxia (caused by living in highland areas) and prolonged stress (due to the impact of the 1988 earthquake) on the health of Armenian residents who participated in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident. The aim of the study was to identify the incidence and functional impairments of the liquidators living in close proximity to the epicenter of the earthquake and in high altitude conditions.We have found a significant decrease in the incidence of the cardiovascular system and chronic nonspecific lung diseases in the early post-accident period in the «high-mountain» liquidators, which indicates the presence of protective mechanisms in the «mountaineers». In the early post-accident period, there was a significant difference between the indicators of lung function in the «plain» and «high mountain» liquidators. Using the dispersion factor analysis, the shares of the influence of the radiation factor and the smoking factor on the VC, FEV and IND_TIF indicators were identified. It was found that there is a decrease in the influence of radiation and an increase in non-radiation factors (age, smoking).The liquidators living in the highland regions of Armenia found significantly fewer cases of myocardial nutrition disorders, arrhythmias, ventricular hypertrophy, conduction disturbances in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction. 68% of the «mountaineers» had hypertrophy of the right ventricle, which for them is an adaptive factor to the conditions of hypoxia.n the early post-accident period, the incidence of nervous system among the liquidators from the earthquake zone exceeded the incidence of all other liquidators. A multi-regression analysis of the incidence of nervous system in the long-period post-accident period showed a slight decrease in the share of the influence of the radiation factor and the preservation of the influence of stress factors of the earthquake.The liquidators who survived the earthquake in areas close to the epicenter, there was an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular system since 1990. In the remote post-accident period, 35,53% of cases of coronary heart disease were registered with the liquidators living in the plain areas and 50% with those living in areas close to the epicenter of the earthquake.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the dyscrasia of lymphoid origin, the terminal differentiation of B-lymphocytes - plasma cells. In its development, MM undergoes a stage of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering or asymptomatic myeloma. One of the important aims of the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) is its diagnosis in the early stages, with the possible determination of prognostic factors of progression. Determination of prognostic factors based on a study of immunophenotypic markers of progression, the microenvironment of bone marrow cells, may help to initially identify patients of risk groups for progression, which is important in terms of time of starting specific therapy. In this article, we have analyzed clinical and laboratory data, data on immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, molecular genetic and histological methods for examining patients in the early stages of development - MGUS and at newly diagnosed MM.

The article presents the modern possibilities of remote radiation therapy of locally advanced prostate cancer. The method of 3D conformal radiation therapy with modulation of the intensity of the radiation beam, with the addition of a simultaneous integrated boost in the hypofraction mode for the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer, has been proposed.On the basis of the Gomel Regional Clinical Oncology Center, patients were treated using this technique. The results of their treatment are analyzed. Long-term treatment outcomes were evaluated in terms of overall observed survival and relapse-free survival.Assessment of toxicity resulting from RT was carried out according to RTOG / EORTC standards. The results of the study of treated patients indicate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and its advantage.Radiation therapy in hypofractionation mode is well tolerated by patients and is not accompanied by an increase in the frequency and severity of radiation damage to normaltissues.The developed technique allowed to increase the 3-year, 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates.

To determine the capabilities of computed tomography in the evaluation of mineral bone density (BMD) and determine the threshold values of osteopenia and osteoporosis, a comparative analysis of computed tomography (СT) data and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) 56 postmenopausal women with degenerative changes of the lumbosacral spine. Found that the CT has a number of advantages: allows to separately assess trabecular bone in the lumbar vertebral bodies in the formation rates of absorption of x-ray radiation; to determine the presence of compression deformities of the vertebrae, visualizer object source changes in spinal segments and to assess their impact on X-ray absorption coefficient in computed tomography and BMD by DXA. As a result, the obtained threshold values of osteopenia and osteoporosis according to the data of CT, in the vertebrae, in which there was no deformation, osteophytes and arthritic changes of the arc joints, were the closest to the true values of osteopenia and osteoporosis according to DRA.

The article presents the analysis results of the functional state of liver at the stage of induction therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children under the ALL-MB-2015 program. The total number of examined patients from 1 to 18 years old is 33. The levels of hepatic transaminases (alanine aminotransferase - AlAT and aspartate aminotransfinase - AsAT) on the background of polychemotherapy exceeded normal rates in 97% of patients (n = 32). The maximum increase in AlAT and AsAT levels was noted by the 36th day of induction therapy: the median of AlAT was 414,5 U / l (312,5...914,0), the median of AsAT was 111,2 U / l (69,2...212,4), which significantly exceeded these levels during the initial diagnosis (AlAT - 22,2 U/l) and on the 15th day of induction (AlAT - 56,5 U/l). Toxic hepatitis of high degree of activity by the end of induction therapy was registered in all patients (n = 16) of the intermediate risk group with the additional administration of daunorubicin on the 22th day of induction. Considering the findings, in order to prevent hepatotoxicity, it was recommended to administer hepatoprotectors from the 10th day of induction polychemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which occurred more than 33 years ago, was the most large-scale in the history of civil nuclear power. Massive emission of radioactive materials in the environment for a long time defined ecological trouble in extensive territories of Republic of Belarus.Emission of a significant amount of radionuclides was resulted by radiation of the people participating in recovery from the accident, the population evacuated from the most polluted settlements, and the population, which is constantly living in the polluted territories. From the moment of accident in Republic of Belarus, the comprehensive complex of actions for maintaining health of affected population is implemented. A main objective of state policy in the field of overcoming consequences of the Chernobyl accident is preservation and promotion of health of the population.

In the article have described symptoms and ongoing treatment of the acquired form of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare disease with a frequency of 4:1000000 population. It is characterized by an extremely aggressive course and high mortality in the absence of treatment (up to 90%). Often has no specific symptoms. The condition for clinical diagnosis (in the absence of other causes) is the presence of at least two symptoms: thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.

Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome is a rare multisystem immunodeficiency disorder that is found in both males and females across the world. The diagnostic of Hyper-IgE-Syndrome is not an easy task. According to the European society for immunodeficiencies the diagnostic criteria are elevated serum IgE levels (more than 10 times the normal level for a patient’s age), with one or more of the next clinical signs: pathologic susceptibility to infectious diseases, no evidence of T- and B-cell deficiency. Hyper-IgE-syndrome can also occur as a severe form of atopic dermatitis, skeletal and connective tissue disorders, malignant neoplasm and vascular pathology.In this article we present a clinical case of autosomal dominant hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome in 21-year-old female patient, who we had in November 2018 at the immunopathology and allergy department of the Republican scientific and practical center for radiation medicine and human ecology in Gomel, the Republic of Belarus.