The relationship between multiple myeloma stage, type of osteodestructive lesion, and bone plasmacytoma: a radiologist’s perspective

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasmacytic malignant disease of the blood, with bone tissue being one of the target organs. There are several types of bone involvement that can be visualized by radiologic methods. Objective of the study is to establish relationships between the nature of bone involvement, the presence of bone plasmacytoma, and the disease stage, as well as to identify a link between the type of involvement and the presence of plasmacytoma. The study included 131 MM patients aged 42 to 84 years. All patients underwent low-dose whole-body X-ray computed tomography. Single osteodestructive foci of various localizations were detected in 18 patients (13,74%), multiple foci in 31 patients (23,66%). A combination of single and multiple foci was found in 44 patients (33,59%). No osteodestructive foci were found in 38 patients (29,01%). Bone plasmacytomas were detected in 45 patients (34,4%). In correlation analysis, no statistically significant association between MM stage and the type of osteodestruction was found (p = 0,66), and no statistically significant difference in the distribution of plasmacytoma by disease stage was obtained (p = 0,82). There is a statistically significant association between the type of osteodestruction and the presence of plasmacytoma: bone plasmacytoma is more often found in patients with a combination of single and multiple osteodestructive foci (p = 0,00005). The detection of any type of osteodestructive changes does not prove to be pathognomonic for any MM stage. There is a correlation between the type of osteodestruction and the presence of bone plasmacytoma: plasmacytoma is more often found in patients with a combination of single and multiple focal lesions.

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