Гладкомышечные опухоли с неопределенным злокачественным потенциалом (STUMP): современное состояние проблемы

Наиболее распространенным типом опухолей матки являются гладкомышечные опухоли: доброкачественные лейомиомы, гладкомышечные опухоли неопределенного злокачественного потенциала (STUMP), саркомы. Частоту возникновения STUMP трудно оценить. Они составляют 1,3% всех злокачественных новообразований матки. Для подтверждения правильного диагноза STUMP необходимо тщательное гистопатологическое исследование из-за ненадежности предоперационных методов визуализации для дифференциации лейомиомы, STUMP и лейомиосаркомы. По сравнению с саркомами STUMP имеют лучший прогноз, но их биологический потенциал не определен, поскольку рецидивы, малигнизация и метастазы возможны много лет спустя. Учитывая редкость опухолей с неопределенным злокачественным потенциалом, малое число публикаций по их лечению, не существует клинических рекомендаций по тактике ведения и лечения пациентов с этой патологией. В статье рассмотрены современные данные по диагностике и дифференциальной диагностике гладкомышечных опухолей, тактике ведения, лечения, прогнозу пациентов со STUMP.

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