Features of recovery of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with primary immunodeficiency after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

33 patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were examined. The follow-up period was 18 years.It was found that the recovery of the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood is approaching the reference values after 180 days after alloHSCT. The percentage of NK cells is higher than the reference values before +180 days, while the normalization of the absolute content of NK cells occurs after +60 days. The percentage of B cells approaches the reference values after +60 days, the absolute value-after +100 days after transplantation. The percentage of T cells reaches normal values by +30 days, but the absolute content of these cells is normalized only by +365 days after alloHSCT. Among T-cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes predominate and their percentage is higher than the reference values for a year after alloHSCT, the absolute content is briefly normalized after +60 days. Recovery of T-helper cells, thymic migrants and T-regulatory cells begins after +100 days, but the percentage and absolute content remains significantly below the norm even after a year of observation. During the entire observation period, the percentage of memory cells of T-helper cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes behaves in a balanced manner relative to each other until the reference values are reached by day 365, and the absolute number of naïve cytotoxic T-lymphocytes exceeds them by day 365 in some patients. Analysis of data on recovery of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations shows the need for dynamic clinical and laboratory control of patients with PID who have undergone alloHSCT. In addition to determining the main populations of lymphocytes (B-, T-lymphocytes, and NK), it is advisable to include the definition of minor subpopulations of lymphocytes, such as T-helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes naïve and memory cells, thymic migrants and T-regulatory cells in the immunological monitoring programme.

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, primary immunodeficiency, lymphocyte subpopulations, flow cytometry

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