Influence of hypoxia and stress factors on physiological changes in liquidators of the emergency of the Chernobyl NPP

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of hypoxia (caused by living in highland areas) and prolonged stress (due to the impact of the 1988 earthquake) on the health of Armenian residents who participated in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident. The aim of the study was to identify the incidence and functional impairments of the liquidators living in close proximity to the epicenter of the earthquake and in high altitude conditions.We have found a significant decrease in the incidence of the cardiovascular system and chronic nonspecific lung diseases in the early post-accident period in the «high-mountain» liquidators, which indicates the presence of protective mechanisms in the «mountaineers». In the early post-accident period, there was a significant difference between the indicators of lung function in the «plain» and «high mountain» liquidators. Using the dispersion factor analysis, the shares of the influence of the radiation factor and the smoking factor on the VC, FEV and IND_TIF indicators were identified. It was found that there is a decrease in the influence of radiation and an increase in non-radiation factors (age, smoking).The liquidators living in the highland regions of Armenia found significantly fewer cases of myocardial nutrition disorders, arrhythmias, ventricular hypertrophy, conduction disturbances in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction. 68% of the «mountaineers» had hypertrophy of the right ventricle, which for them is an adaptive factor to the conditions of hypoxia.n the early post-accident period, the incidence of nervous system among the liquidators from the earthquake zone exceeded the incidence of all other liquidators. A multi-regression analysis of the incidence of nervous system in the long-period post-accident period showed a slight decrease in the share of the influence of the radiation factor and the preservation of the influence of stress factors of the earthquake.The liquidators who survived the earthquake in areas close to the epicenter, there was an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular system since 1990. In the remote post-accident period, 35,53% of cases of coronary heart disease were registered with the liquidators living in the plain areas and 50% with those living in areas close to the epicenter of the earthquake.

emergency responders, hypoxia, earthquake, morbidity, functional state of organs

1. Dempsey, J.A. Humans In Hypoxia: A Conspiracy of adaptation /j.A. Dempsey, B.J. Morgan // Physiology. - 2015. - Vol. 30(4). - P. 304-316. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00007.2015

2. Conduit artery structure and function in lowlanders and native highlanders: relationships with oxidative stress and role of sympathoexcitation / Nia C.S. Lewis [et al.] // J Physiol. - 2014. - Vol. 592(5). - P. 1009- 1024. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2013.268615

3. Cross-Sectional Comparison of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Native Peruvian Highlanders and Lowlanders / L.V. Pham [et al.] // High Alt Med Biol. - 2017. - Vol. 18(1). - P. 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1089/ham. 2016. 0102

4. James, A. Horscroft et al. Metabolic basis to Sherpa altitude adaptation / A. James // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. - 2017. - Vol. 114(24). - P. 6382-6387. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700527114

5. Muratov, Zh.K. Vliyanie vysokogornykh faktorov na organizm cheloveka / Zh.K. Muratov // Novoe slovo v nauke: perspektivy razvitiya. Materialy VII Mezhdunar. nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (Cheboksary, 15 yanv. 2016 g.) / V 2 t. T. 1. - Cheboksary: TsNS «Interaktiv plyus», 2016. - S. 129-133.

6. Effect of long term high altitude exposure on cardiovascular autonomic adjustment during rest and post-exercise recovery / P. Bhattarai [et al.] // Ann Occup Environ Med. - 2018. - Vol. 30. - P. 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s40557-018-0240-1

7. Nyagu, A.I. Psikhonevrologicheskie i psikhologicheskie aspekty posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES / A.I. Nyagu // Vestn. AMN SSSR. - 1991. - T. 11. - S. 31- 32.

8. Ivanov, V.K. Meditsinskie radiologicheskie posledstviya Chernobylya: prognoz i fakticheskie dannye spustya 30 let / V.K. Ivanov, A.D. Kaprin. - M.:, GEOS, 2015. - 510 s.

9. Kuznetsova, V.K. Dinamika soprotivleniya potoku vozdukha v fazu ego narastaniya v protsesse forsirovannogo vydokha pri razlichnykh narusheniyakh mekhaniki dykhaniya / V.K. Kuznetsova, G.A. Lyubimov, M.Yu. Kamenev // Pul'monologiya. - 1995. - T. 4. - S. 36- 41.

10. Vukolov, E.A. Osnovy statisticheskogo analiza. Praktikum po statisticheskim metodam i issledovaniyu operatsii s ispol'zovaniem paketov STATISTICA i EXCEL / E.A. Vukolov. - M.: Forum, 2008. - 464 s.

11. Bureeva, N.N. Mnogomernyi statisticheskii analiz s ispol'zovaniem PPP STATISTICA / N.N. Bureeva. - N. Novgorod: NNGU, 2007. - 112 s.

12. Trigranyan, R.A. Stress i ego znachenie dlya organizma / R.A. Trigranyan. - M.: Delo, 2000. - 330 s.

13. Shcherbatykh, Yu.V. Psikhologiya stressa / Yu.V. Shcherbatykh. - M.: Eksmo, 2005. - 304 s.

14. Shats, I.K. Vliyanie fiziologicheskikh i psikhologicheskikh effektov professional'nogo stressa na zdorov'e pedagogov / I.K. Shats // Vestnik Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. A.S. Pushkina. - 2013. - №4, T. 5. - S. 19- 30.

15. Mirrakhimov, M.M. Znachenie krasnoi krovi v adaptatsii organizma cheloveka k usloviyam vysokogor'ya / M.M. Mirrakhimov, N.Ya. Yusupova, A.R. Raimzhanov // Tezisy dokladov. Gory i sistema krovi, Frunze. - 1969. - T. 56. - S. 77-78.

16. Tkachenko, B.I. Normal'naya fiziologiya cheloveka / B.I. Tkachenko. - Meditsina, 2005. - 909 s.

17. Pamenter, M.E. Time Domains of the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response and Their Molecular Basis / M.E. Pamenter, F.L. Powell // Compr Physiol. - 2016. - Vol. 6(3). - P. 1345- 1385. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c150026

18. Dotdaeva, A.A. Zabolevaemost' i smertnost' ot serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii v zavisimosti ot vysoty regiona nad urovnem morya / A.A. Dotdaeva, Kh.A. Kurdanov, S.A. Boitsov // Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. - 2014. - T. 13(6). - S. 51-55. https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-51-55.