Clinical, immunological and genetic characteristics in patients with atopic dermatitis

Abstract

We examined 155 patients with atopic dermatitis and divided them into two groups: Group 1 (AD1) - 123 patients with concomitant respiratory allergies (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, pollinosis), group 2 (AD2) - 32 patients without concomitant respiratory allergies. Mutations in the FLG gene were detected in 13 patients with atopic dermatitis (14,61%) and in 3 patients from the comparison group (5,77%) (odds ratio 2,83).In the AD group, a statistically significant decrease in the level of monocytes expressing CD18+ and CD11a+ receptors was revealed. The level of neutrophils expressing the CD11c+ receptor also decreased in the group of patients with atopic dermatitis.In terms of the frequency of respiratory pathology, the groups of patients with and without mutations differed significantly: in the group with the FLG gene mutation, the frequency of respiratory pathology was significantly higher (p = 0,001; Fisher exact, two-tailed). Comparison of groups of patients for the presence of specific IgE to respiratory allergens showed that in the group with the FLG mutation, sensitization to house dust allergens and epidermal allergens of animals was statistically significantly more frequent. According to the frequency of detecting specific IgE to allergens of cereal pollen and wild grass pollen, sensitization was significantly more frequent in the group without the FLG mutation. Thus, when treating patients with atopic dermatitis, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of mutations in the FLG gene and pay close attention to measures aimed at eliminating house dust allergens and especially the epidermal allergen of domestic animals.