Роль N-ацетилцистеина в терапии заболеваний, характеризующихся окислительным стрессом (обзор литературы)

Окислительный стресс представляет собой повсеместно распространенный клеточный  процесс, который приводит к повреждению различных биологических молекул и вовлечен в  этиопатогенез многих заболеваний. Сульфгидрил-содержащий трипептид глутатион (GSH),  который синтезируется и поддерживается в высоких концентрациях во всех клетках, является компонентом одного из защитных механизмов. N-ацетилцистеин, синтетическое производное эндогенной аминокислоты L-цистеина и предшественник GSH, используется в течение  нескольких десятилетий в качестве муколитика и антидота при отравлении ацетаминофеном  (парацетамолом). Как муколитик N-ацетилцистеин разрушает дисульфидные связи сильно  сшитых муцинов, тем самым снижая вязкость слизи. В качестве противоядия при отравлении ацетаминофеном N-ацетилцистеин восстанавливает печеночный пул GSH, истощенный  в процессе детоксикации препарата. Совсем недавно улучшенные знания о механизмах действия N-ацетилцистеина расширили его клиническое использование. В данной публикации  мы представили обзор наиболее актуальных и последних данных о клиническом применении N-ацетилцистеина в трансплантологии, неврологии и офтальмологии.

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