The role of histochemical and biochemical markers in predicting osteodestructive syndrome in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias

Osteodestructive syndrome is one of the prominent signs of multiple myeloma. Damage to the bones of the skeleton, often accompanied by severe pain due to pathological fractures and/or compression of the nerve roots or spinal cord, is one of the causes of impaired quality of life and reduced overall survival in this group of patients. The appearance of foci occurs as a result of increased activity of osteoclasts and reduced function of osteoblasts. However, the effect of various markers and cytokines on the processes of osteolysis in multiple myeloma, and especially in the early stages of development, has not yet been sufficiently studied. Therefore, it is currently relevant to study markers of bone tissue damage and risk factors that can predict future severe bone damage.To determine potential markers of prognosis the development of osteodestructive lesions the importance of laboratory indicators and immunohistochemical (IHH) markers in groups of patients with bone lesions and without bone lesions at the time of the diagnosis of plasma cell diseases were compared.According to the results of the study, it was found that the ratio of β-CrossLaps/osteocalcin combined with other indicators (IHC CD 138+ >10%, the ratio of light chains k/λ <0.1 and >10) makes it possible to identify a group of patients with an increased risk of developing osteodestructive syndrome for more frequent monitoring and can be used to diagnose osteodestructive syndrome at the stage of MGUS.

monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, histochemical markers, biochemical markers of bone metabolism

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