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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medbio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельности</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical and Biological Problems of Life Activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58708/2074-2088.2026-1(37)-54-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medbio-497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генотипический портрет SARS-COV-2 в Республике Беларусь в период 2020–2021 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genotypic portrait of SARS-COV-2 in the Republic of Belarus in 2020–2021</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4179-3125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булда</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulda</surname><given-names>K. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Минск</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">buldakyworks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-3045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасич</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasich</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Минск</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena.gasich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4237-5893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коско</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosko</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Минск</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosko.ad@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ГУ «РЦ гигиены, эпидемиологии и общественного здоровья»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Булда К.Ю., Гасич Е.Л., Коско А.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Булда К.Ю., Гасич Е.Л., Коско А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bulda K.Y., Gasich E.L., Kosko A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/497">https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/497</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе данных частичного секвенирования S-гена 2066 клинических образцов определён спектр вариантов SARS-CoV-2 и установлены особенности их распространения в Республике Беларусь в 2020–2021 гг. В начале 2020 г. идентифицировались преимущественно ранние «уханьские» варианты A.1 в Минске и B.1 в Витебской области. Во 2–3 кварталах все анализируемые последовательности относились к варианту B.1, который в 4 квартале сохранил лидерство (90,6%). Редкие сублинии B.1 суммарно встречались в 9,4%, среди которых преобладал вариант B.1.1.374. Региональные различия в генетическом разнообразии SARS-CoV-2 были незначимы (p&gt;0,05). В 1 квартале 2021 года вариант Альфа вытеснил ранние варианты (включая B.1.1.374), став доминирующим. Вариант Дельта, представленный преимущественно вариантом AY.4, начал активно распространяться с мая 2021 года и к лету полностью заместил Альфа. Региональные различия в генетическом разнообразии SARS-CoV-2 были незначимы (p&gt;0,05).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on partial sequencing data of the S gene from 2 066 clinical samples, the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants was determined and the characteristics of their spread in the Republic of Belarus in 2020–2021 were established. At the beginning of 2020, predominantly early «Wuhan» variants were identified: A.1 in Minsk and B.1 in the Vitebsk Region. In the 2nd–3rd quarters, all analyzed sequences belonged to variant B.1, which remained the leader in the 4th quarter (90,6%). Rare B.1 sublineages collectively accounted for 9,4%, among which variant B.1.1.374 predominated. Regional differences during this period were not significant (p&gt;0,05). The Alpha variant displaced the early variants (including B.1.1.374) in the first quarter of 2021, becoming dominant. The Delta variant, represented predominantly by AY.4, began to active spread from May 2021 and by summer completely replaced Alpha. Regional differences in 2020–2021 were not significant (p&gt;0,05).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>варианты</kwd><kwd>вызывающие обеспокоенность</kwd><kwd>Альфа</kwd><kwd>Дельта</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>VOC</kwd><kwd>Alpha</kwd><kwd>Delta</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape / W.T. Harvey, A.M. Carabelli, B. Jackson [et al.] // Nature Reviews Microbiology. – 2021. – Vol. 19, №7. – P. 409–424. DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00573-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">W. T. Harvey, A. M. Carabelli, B. 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