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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medbio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельности</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical and Biological Problems of Life Activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58708/2074-2088.2025-4(36)-65-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medbio-490</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническое значение мутаций в генах NRAS, KRAS, BRAF у пациентов с множественной миеломой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical significance of mutations in the NRAS, KRAS, and BRAF genes in patients with multiple myeloma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козич</surname><given-names>Ж. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozich</surname><given-names>Zh. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Гомель</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jannakozi@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденкова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenkova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Минск</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.rudenkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климкович</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimkovich</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Минск</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">det.hematology@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартинков</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martinkov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Гомель</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">martinkov@rcrm.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пугачева</surname><given-names>Ж. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pugacheva</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Гомель</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">j.pugacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Былицкая</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilizkay</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Гомель</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">byliczkayao@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ГУ «РНПЦ радиационной медицины и экологии человека»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козич Ж.М., Руденкова Т.В., Климкович Н.Н., Мартинков В.Н., Пугачева Ж.Н., Былицкая О.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козич Ж.М., Руденкова Т.В., Климкович Н.Н., Мартинков В.Н., Пугачева Ж.Н., Былицкая О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozich Z.M., Rudenkova T.V., Klimkovich N.N., Martinkov V.N., Pugacheva J., Bilizkay O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/490">https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/490</self-uri><abstract><p>Множественная миелома (ММ) — гетерогенное заболевание, проходящее в своём развитии многоступенчатый процесс трансформации клеток, и характеризующееся высокой степенью разнообразия характеристик на молекулярно-генетическом уровне.</p><p>В исследование включено 55 пациентов с впервые выявленной ММ, проходивших обследование в ГУ «РНПЦ РМиЭЧ» (г. Гомель): 28 женщин (50,91%) и 27 мужчин (49,09%), медиана возраста составила 64,0 (56,0/70,0) года. Для выявления мутаций в генах NRAS, KRAS, BRAF проводили исследование с применением метода ПЦР в режиме реального времени.</p><p>Для гена NRAS частота выявления мутаций составила от 20,00% до 23,64%, гена KRAS – от 16,36% до 30,91%, гена BRAF – 21,82 процента. Сочетание двух мутаций обнаружено в 16,36% случая, трёх мутаций – у 7,27% обследованных. Мутации в гене KRAS чаще встречались среди пациентов с секрецией IgA, с поражением костей без экстрамедулярных очагов; при обнаружении мутантного Т-аллеля выявлены множественные изменения в костях с наличием экстрамедулярных поражений. Достоверных ассоциаций с клиниколабораторными параметрами и мутациями в генах BRAF и NRAS не установлено. Однако сочетанное носительство полиморфизмов c.1799T&gt;A в гене BRAF и 181C&gt;A в гене NRAS было зафиксировано у пациентов с ухудшением прогноза. Пациенты, имеющие сочетание мутаций KRAS/NRAS на момент первичной диагностики имели более агрессивное течение заболевания и более низкую беспрогрессивную выживаемость.</p><p>Установлен высокий уровень распространённости мутаций в генах NRAS, KRAS, BRAF у пациентов с впервые выявленной ММ. В ходе проведённых исследований выявлена ассоциация изученных мутаций в генах NRAS, KRAS, BRAF с некоторыми клинико-лабораторными параметрами и течением ММ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease that undergoes a multi-stage process of cell transformation in its development, including changes in the genetic profile due to additional events such as somatic mutations, epigenetic and chromosomal changes, which leads to the emergence of a pathological clone.</p><p>To identify mutations in the NRAS, KRAS, and BRAF genes, DNA isolated from bone marrow samples of 55 patients with newly diagnosed MM was used. The studies were carried out using real-time PCR, melting curve analysis and electrophoresis analysis.</p><p>Among the examined patients with newly diagnosed MM, the mutation frequency for the NRAS gene ranged from 20,00% to 23,64%. For the KRAS gene, the frequency ranged from 16,36% to 30,91%. For the BRAF gene, the frequency was 21,82%. A combination of two mutations was detected in 16.36% of cases, and three mutations were found in 7,27% of the examined patients. In patients with MM, mutations in the KRAS gene were more common among patients with IgA secretion, bone lesions without extramedullary foci, as well as with multiple bone lesion and the presence of extramedullary lesions in the presence of the mutant T allele. No reliable associations with clinical and laboratory parameters were established between the detection of mutations in the BRAF and NRAS genes. However, the combined carriage of polymorphisms c.1799T&gt;A in the BRAF gene and 181C&gt;A in the NRAS gene was recorded in patients with a worse prognosis. Patients with a combination of KRAS/NRAS mutations at the time of primary diagnosis had a more aggressive course of the disease and lower progressionfree survival.</p><p>A high prevalence of mutations in the NRAS, KRAS, and BRAF genes has been established in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Studies have revealed an association between the studied mutations in the NRAS, KRAS, and BRAF genes and certain clinical and laboratory parameters and the course of MM.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>множественная миелома</kwd><kwd>мутации генов</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>прогрессия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple myeloma</kwd><kwd>mutations in gene</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Multiple myeloma, version 3.2017, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology / S.K. Kumar, N.S Callande, M. 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