<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medbio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельности</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical and Biological Problems of Life Activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58708/2074-2088.2025-3(35)-42-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medbio-461</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фенобарбитал – индуцированное повышение уровня CD4+-лимфоцитов предсказывает снижение частоты приступов при эпилепсии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phenobarbital-induced CD4+ upregulation predicts seizure reduction in epilepsy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаит</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ghaith</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Minsk;</p><p>Alkadhmiya</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk;</p><p>Alkadhmiya</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыса</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sysa</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Minsk</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Живицкая</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhyvitskaya</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Minsk</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Belarusian State University, ISEI BSU; Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University, ISEI BSU; Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Belarusian State University, ISEI BSU</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University, ISEI BSU</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гаит М., Сыса А.Г., Живицкая Е.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаит М., Сыса А.Г., Живицкая Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ghaith M., Sysa A.G., Zhyvitskaya E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/461">https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/461</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящем проспективном пилотном когортном исследовании (ноябрь – декабрь 2024 года, больница Аль-Кадимия, Ирак) исследовано 40 пациентов (26 мужчин и 14 женщин) в возрасте от 25 до 50 лет с подтверждённым диагнозом эпилепсии, которым орально назначали фенобарбитал (ФБ) в дозе 10 мг/мл в течение 12 недель. Концентрации CD4+ (нг/мл) определялись методом ELISA после изоляции с помощью MACS), частота приступов оценивалась до и после лечения. Для статистической обработки использовались парные t-критерий, диперсионный и корреляционный анализ (коэфициент корреляции Пирсона, p &lt; 0,05 считалось статистически значимым; также указывались размеры эффекта). Уровни CD4+ увеличились с 15,2±4,3 нг/мл до 22,8±5,6 нг/мл (p &lt;0,001; коэффициент Коэна d = 1,35; 95% доверительный интервал разницы: 5,9–9,3). Частота приступов снизилась на 78% (с 8,9±3,79 до 1,93±1,53; p &lt; 0,001; d = 2,01). После лечения уровень CD4+ отрицательно коррелировал с частотой приступов (r = –0,62, p &lt;0,001; 95% ДИ: от -0,78 до -0,40) и положительно – с клиническим ответом (r = 0,85, p &lt;0,001; 95% ДИ: 0,75–0,91). У пациентов с уровнем CD4+ выше 22 нг/мл наблюдалась частота ответа 83%, тогда как у пациентов с более низким уровнем – только 42%. Для женщин показана более высокая частота ответа (80%) по сравнению с мужчинами (73%), несмотря на меньший прирост CD4+. Таким образом, фенобарбитал связан с повышением уровня CD4+ и снижением частоты эпилептических приступов, что указывает на его потенциал в качестве биомаркера терапевтического ответа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this prospective pilot cohort study (November–December 2024, Kadhimiya Hospital, Iraq), 40 patients (26 men, 14 women; ages 25-50) with confirmed epilepsy received oral phenobarbital (10 mg/mL, 12 weeks). CD4+ concentrations (ng/mL via ELISA after MACS isolation) and seizure frequency were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Paired t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlations were used (p&lt;0.05 significant; effect sizes reported). CD4+ levels increased from 15,2 ± 4,3 ng/mL to 22,8 ± 5,6 ng/mL (p&lt;0,001; Cohen’s d=1,35; 95% CI for difference: 5,9-9,3). Seizure frequency decreased by 78% (8,9 ± 3,79 to 1,93 ± 1,53; p&lt;0,001; Cohen’s d=2,01). Posttreatment CD4+ inversely correlated with seizure frequency (r=-0,62, p&lt;0,001; 95% CI: -0,78 to -0,40) and positively with clinical response (r=0,85, p&lt;0,001; 95% CI: 0,75 to 0,91). Patients with CD4+ &gt;22 ng/mL had 83% response rate versus 42% below. Females showed higher response rates (80% versus 73% males) despite lower CD4+ folds. Thus, PB is associated with CD4+ upregulation and seizure reduction, suggesting potential as a biomarker of therapeutic response.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>фенобарбитал</kwd><kwd>CD4+-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>иммуномодуляция</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>phenobarbital</kwd><kwd>CD4+ lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>immunomodulation</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Epilepsy. WHO Fact Sheet. Electronic source. Mode of access: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy. Date of access: June 15, 2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Epilepsy. WHO Fact Sheet. Electronic source. Mode of access: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy. Date of access: June 15, 2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newton CR, Garcia HH. Epilepsy in poor regions of the world. Lancet. 2012, no. 380(9848), pp. 1193-1201. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61381-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newton CR, Garcia HH. Epilepsy in poor regions of the world. Lancet. 2012, no. 380(9848), pp. 1193-1201. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61381-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Twyman RE, Rogers CJ, Macdonald RL. Differential regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor channels by diazepam and phenobarbital. Ann Neurol. 1989, no. 25(3), pp. 213-220. doi:10.1002/ana.410250302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Twyman RE, Rogers CJ, Macdonald RL. Differential regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor channels by diazepam and phenobarbital. Ann Neurol. 1989, no. 25(3), pp. 213-220. doi:10.1002/ana.410250302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchi N, Granata T, Janigro D. Inflammatory pathways of seizure disorders. Trends Neurosci. 2014, no. 37(2), pp. 55-65. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.11.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchi N, Granata T, Janigro D. Inflammatory pathways of seizure disorders. Trends Neurosci. 2014, no. 37(2), pp. 55-65. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.11.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrzejczak D. Padaczka a cytokiny prozapalne. Immunomodulujące właściwości leków przeciwpadaczkowych [Epilepsy and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Immunomodulating properties of antiepileptic drugs. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2011, no. 45(3), pp. 275-285. doi:10.1016/s0028-3843(14)60080-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrzejczak D. Padaczka a cytokiny prozapalne. Immunomodulujące właściwości leków przeciwpadaczkowych [Epilepsy and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Immunomodulating properties of antiepileptic drugs. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2011, no. 45(3), pp. 275-285. doi:10.1016/s0028-3843(14)60080-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mu L, Rong Y, Xin YJ, Zhang H, Xu Z. Research Progress on Th17/Treg Cell Imbalance in Epileptic Seizures. J Inflamm Res. 2025, no. 18, pp. 7769-7779. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S524814.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mu L, Rong Y, Xin YJ, Zhang H, Xu Z. Research Progress on Th17/Treg Cell Imbalance in Epileptic Seizures. J Inflamm Res. 2025, no. 18, pp. 7769-7779. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S524814.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang XL, Shen GX, Sun B, Su N. Studies on lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell activities in epileptic patients. J Tongji Med Univ. 1989, no. 9(1), pp. 25-28. doi:10.1007/BF02933740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang XL, Shen GX, Sun B, Su N. Studies on lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell activities in epileptic patients. J Tongji Med Univ. 1989, no. 9(1), pp. 25-28. doi:10.1007/BF02933740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roseti C, van Vliet EA, Cifelli P, et al. GABAA currents are decreased by IL-1β in epileptogenic tissue of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: implications for ictogenesis. Neurobiol Dis. 2015, no. 82, pp. 311-320. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2015.07.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roseti C, van Vliet EA, Cifelli P, et al. GABAA currents are decreased by IL-1β in epileptogenic tissue of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: implications for ictogenesis. Neurobiol Dis. 2015, no. 82, pp. 311-320. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2015.07.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vezzani A. Epilepsy and inflammation in the brain: overview and pathophysiology. Epilepsy Curr. 2014, no. 14(1 Suppl), pp. 3-7. doi:10.5698/1535-7511-14.s2.3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vezzani A. Epilepsy and inflammation in the brain: overview and pathophysiology. Epilepsy Curr. 2014, no. 14(1 Suppl), pp. 3-7. doi:10.5698/1535-7511-14.s2.3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reddy DS, Abeygunaratne HN. Experimental and Clinical Biomarkers for Progressive Evaluation of Neuropathology and Therapeutic Interventions for Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, no. 23(19), pp. 11734. doi:10.3390/ijms231911734.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reddy DS, Abeygunaratne HN. Experimental and Clinical Biomarkers for Progressive Evaluation of Neuropathology and Therapeutic Interventions for Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, no. 23(19), pp. 11734. doi:10.3390/ijms231911734.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hendrix E, Vande Vyver M, Holt M, Smolders I. Regulatory T cells as a possible new target in epilepsy? Epilepsia. 2024, no. 65, pp. 2227-2237. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.18038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hendrix E, Vande Vyver M, Holt M, Smolders I. Regulatory T cells as a possible new target in epilepsy? Epilepsia. 2024, no. 65, pp. 2227-2237. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.18038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beghi E, Shorvon S. Antiepileptic drugs and the immune system. Epilepsia. 2011, no. 52 Suppl 3, pp. 40-44. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03035.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beghi E, Shorvon S. Antiepileptic drugs and the immune system. Epilepsia. 2011, no. 52 Suppl 3, pp. 40-44. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03035.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu C, Wyman AR, Alaamery MA, et al. Antiinflammatory effects of novel barbituric acid derivatives in T lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016, no. 38, pp. 223-232. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu C, Wyman AR, Alaamery MA, et al. Antiinflammatory effects of novel barbituric acid derivatives in T lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016, no. 38, pp. 223-232. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhir A. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model of epilepsy. Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2012, Chapter 9, Unit 9.37. doi:10.1002/0471142301.ns0937s58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhir A. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model of epilepsy. Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2012, Chapter 9, Unit 9.37. doi:10.1002/0471142301.ns0937s58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilkinson NM, Chen HC, Lechner MG, Su MA. Sex Differences in Immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2022, no. 40, pp. 75-94. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-125133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilkinson NM, Chen HC, Lechner MG, Su MA. Sex Differences in Immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2022, no. 40, pp. 75-94. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-125133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
