medbioМедико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельностиMedical and Biological Problems of Life Activity2074-2088Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека10.58708/2074-2088.2025-3(35)-27-33medbio-460Research ArticleМЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫMEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMSСравнительный анализ экспрессии ключевых белков для инфицирования коронавирусом клеточных культур различного происхожденияA comparative analysis of the expression of key proteins involved in the entry of coronavirus into different types of cell culturesФоминаЕ. Г.FominaE. G.

г. Минск

ГригорьеваЕ. Е.GrigorievaE. E.

г. Минск

ЗверкоВ. В.ZverkoV. V.

г. Минск

КоржееваА. Д.KorzheevaA. D.

г. Минск

ГУ «РЦ гигиены, эпидемиологии и общественного здоровья»ГУ «РЦ гигиены, эпидемиологии и общественного здоровья»ООО «Альгимед Техно»ООО «Альгимед Техно»202520102025032733Copyright © Фомина Е.Г., Григорьева Е.Е., Зверко В.В., Коржеева А.Д., 20252025Фомина Е.Г., Григорьева Е.Е., Зверко В.В., Коржеева А.Д.Fomina E.G., Grigorieva E.E., Zverko V.V., Korzheeva A.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/460

Экспрессия определённых рецепторов и протеаз в каждом типе клеток диктует относительное предпочтение различных путей проникновения SARS-CoV-2: путём слияния вирусной мембраны с мембраной клетки-хозяина, опосредованного TMPRSS2, либо путём эндоцитоза, при котором катепсин L (CTSL) отвечает за расщепление S-белка вируса. В клеточных линиях человека различного тканевого происхождения (n=5) и в линиях клеток, происходящих из почечной ткани различных видов животных (n=7), оценён уровень экспрессии м-РНК трёх ключевых белков (ACE2-рецептора, сериновой протеазы TMPRSS2 и катепсина L), участвующих в этапе проникновения вируса SARS CoV-2 в клетки хозяина. Наибольший уровень экспрессии гена ACE2 наблюдался в клетках аденокарциномы ободочной кишки человека Caco-2, а в клетках Vero и VeroE6 (почка африканской зелёной мартышки) уровень экспрессии этого гена более чем в 4 раза превышал таковой для остальных исследованных клеточных линий животного происхождения. Среди клеточных линий человека наибольший уровень экспрессии гена TMPRSS2 наблюдался для клеточных культур HEK293T (почка эмбриона) и Caco-2, среди культур клеток животного происхождения — для клеток MDBK (бык домашний). Максимальный уровень экспрессии мРНК гена CTSL имел место для культуры А549 (карцинома лёгкого человека). Полученные данные представляют интерес для выбора модельной системы исследования путей, используемых вирусом для проникновения в инфицируемые мишени и изучения различных аспектов взаимодействия SARS-CoV-2 с клеткой.

The expression of specific receptors and proteases in each cell type determines the relative preference for different modes of SARS-CoV-2 entry. This includes entry through TMPRSS2-mediated fusion of the viral and host cell membranes, as well as entry through endocytosis, which involves the activity of cathepsin L. Cathepsin L is responsible for cleaving the viral S protein, and its expression level can affect the efficiency of viral entry. The expression level of mRNA for three key proteins involved in SARS CoV-2 entry into host cells (ACE2 receptor, TMPRSS2 serine protease, and cathepsin L) was assessed in human cell lines from various tissues (n=5), and in cell lines derived from the kidneys of different animal species (n=7). The highest level of ACE2 gene expression was observed in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2, and in the Vero and VeroE6 cells (derived from African green monkey kidneys), the expression of this gene was more than four times higher than in the other studied animal cell lines. Among human cell lines, the highest level of TMPRSS2 gene expression was observed in HEK293T (embryonic kidney) and Caco-2 cells, and among animal cell cultures, it was seen in MDBK (domestic bovine kidney) cells. The maximum level of CTSL mRNA expression was found in A549 (human lung cancer) cells. These findings are important for selecting a model system to study the pathways used by the virus to enter target cells and to investigate various aspects of SARS-CoV-2’s interaction with cells.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.