medbioМедико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельностиMedical and Biological Problems of Life Activity2074-2088Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека10.58708/2074-2088.2025-2(34)-5-13medbio-447Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWS AND PROBLEM ARTICLESНейротрофический фактор головного мозга (BDNF) и его роль в нейробиологических процессахBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its role in neurobiological processeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-5874ЮркевичМ. Ю.YurkevichM. Yu.

Ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимических методов исследования, канд. биол. наук

г. Минск

marija4567@gmail.comИбрагимоваЖ. А.IbragimovaJ. A.

г. Минск

УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»Belarus20251807202502513Copyright © Юркевич М.Ю., Ибрагимова Ж.А., 20252025Юркевич М.Ю., Ибрагимова Ж.А.Yurkevich M.Y., Ibragimova J.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/447

Нейротрофический фактор головного мозга (BDNF) — секреторный белок, регулирующий процессы нейрогенеза, дифференцировки и выживания нейронов, участвующий в синаптической пластичности. Изменение секреции и/или экспрессии BDNF ассоциировано с патологическими изменениями в функционировании нервной ткани. В связи с этим изучение функционирования различных изоформ BDNF на молекулярно-клеточном уровне открывает новые перспективы для терапии нервно-психических расстройств, нейродегенеративных заболеваний и ряда других патологий.В обзоре представлены данные о структуре гена BDNF, особенностях синтеза и транспорта его изоформ. Описываются рецепторы полипептида и молекулярно-клеточные механизмы реализации его функций. Особое внимание уделено вовлечению BDNF в процессы генерации нейронов и образования новых синапсов в нейрогенных областях головного мозга. Приводятся доказательства влияния ряда факторов (уровня активности нейронов, концентрации нейротрансмиттеров и так далее) на BDNF-зависимую регуляцию синаптической пластичности.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a secretory protein that regulates the processes of neurogenesis, differentiation and survival of neurons and synaptic plasticity. The changes in the secretion and/or expression of BDNF are associated with pathological disturbance in the functioning of nervous tissue. In this regard, the study of BDNF isoforms functions at the molecular-cellular level opens up new prospects for the therapy of neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and other pathologies.This article seeks to describe the structure of the BDNF gene, the features of synthesis and transport of its isoforms. The receptors and molecular-cellular mechanisms for BDNF functions are described. Particular attention is paid to the involvement of BDNF in the processes of neuron generation and the formation of new synapses in brain neurogenic zones. The influence of factors (neuron activity level, neurotransmitter concentration, etc.) on BDNF-dependent regulation of synaptic plasticity is considered.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.