medbioМедико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельностиMedical and Biological Problems of Life Activity2074-2088Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека10.58708/2074-2088.2025-1(33)-38-46medbio-422Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWS AND PROBLEM ARTICLESФакторы и причины развития рака шейки матки (обзор литературы)Factors and causes of cervical cancer (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-3799ЛогиноваО. П.LohinavaO. P.

Ольга Павловна Логинова, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики

Гомель

Gomel

gal301@mail.ruШевченкоН. И.ShevchenkoN. I.

Наталья Ивановна Шевченко, врач-лаборант(заведующий) ЛКТ

Гомель

Gomel

shevchenkoni@bk.ruГасичЕ. Л.GasichE. L.

Елена Леонидовна Гасич, заведующая лабораторией

лаборатория диагностики ВИЧ и сопутствующих инфекций

Минск

Gomel

elena.gasich@gmail.comГУ «РНПЦ радиационной медицины и экологии человека»State Institution "Russian Scientific Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology"ГУ «РЦ гигиены, эпидемиологии и общественного здоровья»State Institution "RC of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health"202527042025013846Copyright © Логинова О.П., Шевченко Н.И., Гасич Е.Л., 20252025Логинова О.П., Шевченко Н.И., Гасич Е.Л.Lohinava O.P., Shevchenko N.I., Gasich E.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/422

   Рак шейки матки (РШМ) является одной из наиболее распространённых опухолей женской репродуктивной системы. В статье рассмотрены факторы возникновения рака шейки матки. Безусловно, основная этиологическая роль в развитии РШМ принадлежит вирусу папилломы человека высокого канцерогенного риска. Однако есть данные авторов, что 5–7 % рака шейки матки являются ВПЧ-отрицательными. В связи с этим в обзоре представлены невирусные ко-факторы возникновения РШМ. К таковым относятся: состояние микробиоты влагалищного биотопа, функции резидентной микрофлоры влагалища и состояние локального иммунитета влагалища. Показано, что при РШМ происходят изменения количественного состава микробиоты влагалища, диспластическим процессам предшествует хроническое воспаление и дисрегуляция иммунного ответа.

 

 

   

   

The article discusses the factors of cervical cancer. Of course, the main role belongs to the human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk. However, there is evidence from the authors that 5-7 % of cervical cancer is HPV-negative. In this regard, the review presents non-viral co-factors of the occurrence of cervical cancer. These factors include: the state of the microbiota of the vaginal biotope, the functions of the resident vaginal microflora, and the state of local vaginal immunity. It has been shown that changes in the quantitative composition of the vaginal microbiota occur in cervical cancer, and dysplastic processes are preceded by chronic inflammation and dysregulation of the immune response.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.