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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medbio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельности</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical and Biological Problems of Life Activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medbio-274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особо опасные парамиксовирусы Нипа и Хендра</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Especially dangerous paramixoviruses Nipah and Hendra</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владыко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladyko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Счесленок</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scheslenok</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorieva</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Школина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schkolina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubkov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семижон</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semizhon</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ГУ «РНПЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Владыко А.С., Счесленок Е.П., Фомина Е.Г., Григорьева Е.Е., Школина Т.В., Дубков Н.А., Семижон П.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Владыко А.С., Счесленок Е.П., Фомина Е.Г., Григорьева Е.Е., Школина Т.В., Дубков Н.А., Семижон П.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vladyko A.S., Scheslenok E.P., Fomina E.G., Grigorieva E.E., Schkolina T.V., Dubkov N.A., Semizhon P.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/274">https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/274</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзорная статья посвящена семейству парамиксовирусов, представители которого играют важную роль в патологии человека и животных. Исторически это семейство заявило о себе вспышками, вызванными вирусом кори во второй половине 19-го столетия и унесшими тысячи жизней. Новые представители этого «респираторного» семейства, попадая в благоприятную среду, могут быстро адаптироваться к условиям воздушно-капельной передачи. Особенно настораживает высокая летальность от вирусов Хендра и Нипа, открытых сравнительно недавно - в конце 20-го столетия. Природным резервуаром этих особо опасных вирусов являются плодоядные летучие мыши, обитающие в Юго-Восточной Азии, Океании, Австралии, Южной Африке. Показано, что промежуточным звеном для этих вирусов служат лошади и свиньи, от которых заражается человек, и они же служат своего рода инкубатором для этих патогенов. Изменение климата на планете является настораживающим обстоятельством для анализа вирусов Хендра и Нипа и изучения их роли в формировании биоценотической среды, где все тесно взаимосвязано и взаимозависимо.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review focuses mainly on Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) that are closely related members within the genus Henipavirus, family Paramyxoviridae. The initial emergence of NiV infection in pigs and humans in Malaysia, and HeV infection in horses and humans in Australia posed severe impact on human and animal health. These viruses cause severe infections in human population associated with high rate of mortality. In this review we summarize the available data on bats as reservoir hosts to henipaviruses and features of transmission of Hendra virus and Nipah virus following spillover from these reservoir hosts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>особо опасные парамиксовирусы</kwd><kwd>Хендра</kwd><kwd>Нипа</kwd><kwd>летучие мыши</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>диагностикa</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severely hazardous paramyxoviruses</kwd><kwd>Hendra</kwd><kwd>Nipah</kwd><kwd>bats</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genome diversity of emerging paramyxoviruses / L.-F. Wang [et al.] // Curr. Genomics. - 2003. - Vol. 4, no. 3. - P. 263-273. doi: 10.2174/1389202033490385.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genome diversity of emerging paramyxoviruses / L.-F. Wang [et al.] // Curr. 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