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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medbio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельности</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical and Biological Problems of Life Activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medbio-269</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND PROBLEM ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Краткий обзор мировых исследований лучевых и нелучевых эффектов у работников ядерной индустрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Brief review of world researches of radiation and non-radiation effects in nuclear industry workers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котеров</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koterov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушенкова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushenkova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюков</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biryukov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ РФ - Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Котеров А.Н., Ушенкова Л.Н., Калинина М.В., Бирюков А.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котеров А.Н., Ушенкова Л.Н., Калинина М.В., Бирюков А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koterov A.N., Ushenkova L.N., Kalinina M.V., Biryukov A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/269">https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/269</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе сформированной базы источников (публикации и документы), посвященных исследованиям медико-биологических эффектов у работников ядерной индустрии (порядка 40 стран; более 800 работ), выполнен краткий обзор частоты смертности указанного контингента от различных патологий. Выявлен факт меньшей смертности работников сравнительно с аналогичной поло-возрастной группой генеральной популяции. Некоторый парадокс заключался в том, что в начале становления ядерной индустрии этот эффект «здорового работника» проявлялся отчетливее, чем в последние десятилетия (продемонстрировано на примере объединенной когорты Великобритании 1946-1997 гг. и, отчасти, занятых на ПО «Маяк»). Анализ показателя для работников ядерной индустрии западных стран, включая объединенную когорту из 15 стран (Cardis E. et al., 2007-2008), продемонстрировал, что в настоящее время нет полностью обоснованного вывода о существенном увеличении смертности от солидных раков суммарно. Некоторое увеличение риска для рака легкого оказалось связанным преимущественно с когортой из Канады, характеризующейся неполнотой дозиметрии. В то же время риск лейкозов, судя по всему, может быть значимо повышен, на что указывают также данные по ПО «Маяк» для прошлых десятилетий. Но прирост абсолютного риска смертности от лейкозов после облучения на границе малых доз (0,1 Гр) был невелик - не более 0,4-0,9 смерти на 100 000 работников в год. Для нераковых патологий сравнительно с генеральной популяцией в целом наблюдалась меньшая смертность. Некоторое исключение составили циркуляторные заболевания, хотя повышение риска в этих случаях было, как правило, невелико (на 10-20%). Встречались единичные случаи более высоких рисков, но - для облучения в средних или высоких дозах. Следует учитывать, однако, что исследуемый контингент имел контакты и с нерадиационными повреждающими факторами, которые могли учащать столь мультифакториальные по причинности патологии, как циркуляторные. В ряде работ была обнаружена также статистически значимая связь между употреблением алкоголя, курением и накопленной дозой радиации (влияние стиля жизни). Таким образом, проведенное краткое исследование продемонстрировало в целом лучшее состояние здоровья работников ядерной индустрии различных стран мира сравнительно с генеральной популяцией, а также достаточно слабый эффект лучевого фактора, по крайней мере в последние десятилетия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on the generated database of sources (publications and documents) devoted to studies of health effects in nuclear industry workers (about 40 countries; more than 800 works), a brief overview of the mortality rate of this contingent from various pathologies has been performed. The fact of lower mortality of workers is revealed in comparison with the standardized for sex and age group of the general population. Some paradox was that at the initiating of the development of the nuclear industry this effect ‘healthy worker’ manifested itself more clearly than in recent decades (it was demonstrated by the example of the united cohort of Great Britain in 1946-1997 and, partly, employed by Mayak Production Association).An analysis of the paraqmeter for nuclear industry workers in Western countries, including a pooled cohort of 15 countries (Cardis E. et al., 2007-2008), showed that there is currently no fully founded conclusion about a substantial increase in mortality from solid cancers in total. A slight increase of the risk for lung cancer has been associated mainly with a Canada cohort characterized by incomplete dosimetry. At the same time, the risk of leukemia, apparently, can be significantly increased, as indicated by the Mayak Production Association data for past decades. But the increase in the absolute risk of mortality from leukemia after irradiation at the border of low doses (0,1 Gy) was small: no more than 0,4-0,9 deaths per 100 000 employees per year.For non-cancer pathologies, compared with the general population as a whole, lower mortality was observed. Circulatory diseases were a slight exception, although the increase in risk in these cases was usually small (by 10-20%). There have been isolated cases of higher risks, but for exposure to medium or high doses. It should be borne in mind, however, that the contingent under study also had contacts with non-radiation damaging factors that could increase circulatory pathologies which are multifactorial in causality. A number of studies have also found a statistically significant relationship between alcohol consumption, smoking and the accumulated dose of radiation (the influence of lifestyle).Thus, a brief study showed, on the whole, the best health status of nuclear workers in various countries of the world compared with the general population, as well as the rather weak effect of the radiation factor, at least in recent decades.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>работники ядерной индустрии</kwd><kwd>базы данных</kwd><kwd>«эффект здорового работника»</kwd><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>нераковые патологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nuclear industry workers</kwd><kwd>databases</kwd><kwd>“healthy worker effect”</kwd><kwd>malignant neoplasms</kwd><kwd>noncancerous pathologies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ФМБА России. 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