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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medbio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельности</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical and Biological Problems of Life Activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medbio-268</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND PROBLEM ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анатомо-гистологические особенности строения паращитовидных желез (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anatomical and histological features of the structure of parathyroid glands (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondareva</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Величко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Velichko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Величко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Velichko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>УО «Гомельский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>ГУ «РНПЦ радиационной медицины и экологии человека»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бондарева Ю.В., Величко А.В., Величко Т.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бондарева Ю.В., Величко А.В., Величко Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bondareva Y.V., Velichko A.V., Velichko T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/268">https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/268</self-uri><abstract><p>Паращитовидные железы (ПЩЖ) представляют собой небольшие эндокринные органы, обычно в количестве четырех, расположенные на задней поверхности щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) и тесно с ней связанные. Вместе с тимусом, щитовидной железой и ультимобранхиальными телами, являются производными от третьей и четвертой пары жаберных карманов. Нарушения процесса эмбриогенеза приводит к формированию добавочных или эктопированных желез, что определяет вариабельность их локализации. В случае опухолевой трансформации ПЩЖ образуются приобретенные эктопии дислокация которых зависит от первоначального положения желез до возникновения опухоли. Гистологически ПЩЖ покрыта тонкой фиброзной капсулой, с хорошо развитой сосудистой сетью, которая продолжается в трабекулы. Постоянным компонентом стромы является жировая ткань. Архитектоника паренхимы может иметь вид трабекул, дольчатых масс, гнездных структур, образовывать небольшие ацинарные структуры или псевдофолликулы. В паренхиме ПЩЖ выделяют главные клетки, синтезирующие паратиреоидный гормон (ПТГ), оксифильные, обладающие потенциалом для производства ПТГ, паратиреоидного гормон-родственного белка (ПТГрП) и кальцитриола, и «водянистые», связанные с патологией. В процессе онтогенеза происходит увеличение массы ПЩЖ и количества стромального жира, наблюдается очаговая коллагенизация периваскулярной стромы. В паренхиме взрослых людей количество главных активных клеток снижается, увеличивается количество и активность оксифильные клеток, «водянистых» клеток и макрофагов. Возрастные изменения напоминают инволюционный процесс, но при этом сохраняется гормонпродуцирующая функция.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The parathyroid glands are small endocrine organs, usually four in number, located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and closely associated with it. Together with the thymus, thyroid and ultimobranchial organs, they are derivatives of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches. Violations of the embryogenesis process lead to the formation of an additional or ectopic glands, which determines to variability of their localization.In the case of tumor transformation of the parathyroid glands, acquired ectopias are formed, the dislocation of which depends on the initial position of the glands before the onset of the tumor. Histologically, the thyroid gland is covered with a thin fibrous capsule, with a well-developed vascular network, which continues into the trabeculae. A permanent component of the stroma is adipose tissue. The architectonics of the parenchyma can take the form of trabeculae, lobules, nesting structures, and form small acinar structures or pseudofollicles. Histologically, in the parathyroid gland, the chief cells synthesizing parathyroid hormone (PTH), the oxyphil cell, with the potential for the production of PTH, PTH-related protein, and calcitriol, and the water-clear cell associated with pathology. In the process of ontogenesis, an increase in the mass of the parathyroid gland and the amount of stromal fat occurs, focal collagenization of the perivascular stroma is observed. In the adult parenchyma, the number of chief active cells decreases, the number and activity of oxyphil cells, water-clear cells and macrophages increase. Age-related changes resemble an involutional process, but at the same time, a hormone-producing function is maintained.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>паращитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>анатомия и гистология</kwd><kwd>эмбриология</kwd><kwd>ультраструктура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>parathyroid gland</kwd><kwd>anatomy and histology</kwd><kwd>embryology</kwd><kwd>ultrastructure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calcium-ion-sensing cell-surface receptors / E.M. Brown [et al.] // N Engl J Med. - 1995. - Vol. 333, N4. - P. 234-240. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199507273330407</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calcium-ion-sensing cell-surface receptors / E.M. 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