medbioМедико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельностиMedical and Biological Problems of Life Activity2074-2088Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человекаmedbio-242Research ArticleОБМЕН ОПЫТОМEXPERIENCE EXCHANGEСовременный взгляд на эпидемиологию, классификацию и генетику закрытоугольной глаукомыModern aspects of epidemiology, classification and genetics of angle-closure glaucomaБакунинаН. А.BakuninaN. A.noemail@neicon.ruСотниковаЮ. П.SotnikovaYu. P.noemail@neicon.ruРожкоЮ. И.RazhkoYu. I.noemail@neicon.ruКуроедовА. В.KuroyedovA. V.noemail@neicon.ruГазизоваИ. Р.GazizovaI. R.noemail@neicon.ruМолчановаЕ. В.MolchanovaE. V.noemail@neicon.ruГабдрахмановЛ. М.GabdrakhmanovL. M.noemail@neicon.ruГКБ №1 им. Н.И. Пирогова; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииRussian FederationХадасса Медикал ЛТДRussian FederationГУ «РНПЦ радиационной медицины и экологии человека»Russian FederationФКУ «ЦВКГ им. П.В. Мандрыка» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииRussian FederationФГБУН РАН «Институт мозга человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой»Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииRussian FederationГБУЗ «Самарская областная клиническая офтальмологическая больница им. Т.И. Ерошевского»Russian Federation20210203202302144152Copyright © Бакунина Н.А., Сотникова Ю.П., Рожко Ю.И., Куроедов А.В., Газизова И.Р., Молчанова Е.В., Габдрахманов Л.М., 20232023Бакунина Н.А., Сотникова Ю.П., Рожко Ю.И., Куроедов А.В., Газизова И.Р., Молчанова Е.В., Габдрахманов Л.М.Bakunina N.A., Sotnikova Y.P., Razhko Y.I., Kuroyedov A.V., Gazizova I.R., Molchanova E.V., Gabdrakhmanov L.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/242

Первичная закрытоугольная глаукома (ПЗУГ) является одной из наиболее неблагоприятных форм глаукомы с точки зрения нарушения зрительных функций. В статье представлен обзор литературы с описанием современных данных об эпидемиологии, классификации и генетике закрытоугольной глаукомы. Факторами риска ПЗУГ являются: пожилой возраст, женский пол, азиатская и эскимосская расы. К анатомическим факторам риска закрытия угла передней камеры глаза относятся маленькая ширина, площадь и объем передней камеры, толстая радужка с большой кривизной и большая кривизна хрусталика. Снижение плотности коллагена I типа в ткани радужной оболочки связано с уменьшением площади радужки и увеличением ширины передней камеры, что может способствовать прогрессированию заболевания. Радужная оболочка глаз пациентов с ПЗУГ в анамнезе значительно более жесткая по сравнению со здоровыми. Несмотря на то, что строго наследуемые мутации, характерные для ПЗУГ, до сих пор не идентифицированы, ПЗУГ можно назвать мультифакториальным, генетически детерминированным заболеванием, которое является результатом взаимодействия генетических и эпигенетических факторов. Учет генетических полиморфизмов и других биомаркеров значительно повысит эффективность диагностики и лечения заболевания.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is one of the most prognostically unfavorable forms of glaucoma from the point of view of visual impairment. The article presents literature review describing current data on the epidemiology, classification and genetics of angle-closure glaucoma. Risk factors for PACG are: old age, female sex, asian race. Anatomical risk factors for anterior chamber angle closure include small width, area and volume of the anterior chamber, thick iris with a large curvature, and large curvature of the lens. Decrease in the density of collagen type 1 in the iris tissue associated with decrease in the iris area and increase in the width of the anterior chamber, which may contribute to progression of disease. The iris of the eyes of patients with history of PACG is significantly more rigid compared to healthy ones. Despite the fact that the strictly inherited mutations characteristic of PACG have not yet been identified, PACG can be called a multifactorial, genetically determined disease that is the result of the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors. Taking into account genetic polymorphisms and other biomarkers will significantly increase the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.