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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medbio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельности</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical and Biological Problems of Life Activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medbio-180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБМЕН ОПЫТОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIENCE EXCHANGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к оценке доз облучения пациентов при проведении диагностических рентгенологических исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern approaches to estimation of radiation doses to patients during diagnostic radiographic examinations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веренич</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Viarenich</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миненко</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minenko</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>НИУ «Институт ядерных проблем» БГУ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Веренич К.А., Миненко В.Ф., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Веренич К.А., Миненко В.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Viarenich K.A., Minenko V.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/180">https://medbio.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/180</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены способы оценки дозы облучения пациентов при проведении рентгенологических исследований. Отмечается, что оценка дозы достаточно надежно может осуществляться на основе расчетов методом Монте-Карло для соответствующего взаимного расположения рентгеновской трубки и пациента. Оценка требует знания энергии и мощности дозы излучения используемого при облучении рентгеновского диагностического аппарата. Расчет осуществляется для антропоморфных фантомов взрослых и детей пяти возрастов. Приведен обзор используемых антропоморфных фантомов. При возможности расчет методом Монте-Карло может проводиться непосредственно на компьютере врача для конкретных условий облучения. Дано описание компьютерных программ для оценки доз облучения пациентов при проведении рентгенологических исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review covers the methods of estimation of doses in organs and tissues and effective radiation dose to patients during diagnostic X-ray radiography. This estimation can be reliably made based on conversion coefficients, which were calculated using Monte-Carlo method in advance. One needs to specify the radiation yield or dose-area product, which were measured from the particular X-ray machine. Conversion coefficients are calculated for anthropomorphic phantoms. The calculation requires detailed description of the anatomy. The calculation can be performed on the doctor’s computer for specific exposure conditions if there is an opportunity. Computer programs for estimation of radiation dose to patients during X-ray radiography are reviewed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рентгенология</kwd><kwd>поглощенная доза облучения</kwd><kwd>методы Монте-Карло</kwd><kwd>рентгеновское излучение</kwd><kwd>антропоморфный фантом</kwd><kwd>рентгенология</kwd><kwd>поглощенная доза облучения</kwd><kwd>методы Монте-Карло</kwd><kwd>рентгеновское излучение</kwd><kwd>антропоморфный фантом</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>X-ray radiography</kwd><kwd>absorbed dose</kwd><kwd>Monte Carlo methods</kwd><kwd>X-rays</kwd><kwd>computational phantom</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sources, Effects and risks of ionizing radiation. 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